Preamble design within wireless communications

ABSTRACT

A wireless communication device (alternatively, device) includes a processor configured to support communications with other wireless communication device(s) and to generate and process signals for such communications. In some examples, the device includes a communication interface and a processor, among other possible circuitries, components, elements, etc. to support communications with other wireless communication device(s) and to generate and process signals for such communications. The device is configured to generate OFDM/A packets having certain characteristics based on different packet formats. For example, a first OFDM/A packet has first characteristic(s) based on a first packet format, a second OFDM/A packet has second characteristic(s) based on a second packet format, and so on. A receiver device is configured to process such OFDM/A packets to determine characteristic(s) thereof to determine, identify, classify, etc. their respective packet formats so that the OFDM/A packets can be properly and appropriately processed based on their particular packet formats.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENTS/PATENT APPLICATIONS ContinuationPriority Claim

The present U.S. Utility Patent Application claims priority pursuant to35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No.14/948,604 entitled “Preamble design within wireless communications”,filed Nov. 23, 2015, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference inits entirety and made part of the present U.S. Utility PatentApplication for all purposes.

Provisional Priority Claims

U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 14/948,604 claims prioritypursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent App. Ser. No.62/084,406, entitled “Preamble signal field (SIG) design for use inwireless communications,” filed Nov. 25, 2014; U.S. Provisional PatentApp. Ser. No. 62/109,515, entitled “Preamble signal field (SIG) designfor use in wireless communications,” filed Jan. 29, 2015; U.S.Provisional Patent App. Ser. No. 62/116,033, entitled “Preamble signalfield (SIG) design for use in wireless communications,” filed Feb. 13,2015; U.S. Provisional Patent App. Ser. No. 62/121,941, entitled“Preamble signal field (SIG) design for use in wireless communications,”filed Feb. 27, 2015; U.S. Provisional Patent App. Ser. No. 62/127,085,entitled “Preamble signal field (SIG) design for use in wirelesscommunications,” filed Mar. 2, 2015; and U.S. Provisional Patent App.Ser. No. 62/142,817, entitled “Preamble signal field (SIG) design foruse in wireless communications,” filed Apr. 3, 2015; all of which arehereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and made partof the present U.S. Utility Patent Application for all purposes.

Continuation-in-part (CIP) priority claims, 35 U.S.C. §120

U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 14/948,604 also claims prioritypursuant to 35 U.S.C. §120, as a continuation-in-part (CIP), to U.S.Utility patent application Ser. No. 14/510,313, entitled “Distributedsignal fields (SIGs) for use in wireless communications,” filed Oct. 9,2014, pending, which claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119(e) toU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/888,967, entitled “Nextgeneration within single user, multiple user, multiple access, and/orMIMO wireless communications,” filed Oct. 9, 2013; U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 61/898,211, entitled “Next generation withinsingle user, multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Oct. 31, 2013; all of which are herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entirety and made part of thepresent U.S. Utility Patent Application for all purposes.

U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 14/510,313 also claims prioritypursuant to 35 U.S.C. §120, as a continuation-in-part (CIP), to U.S.Utility patent application Ser. No. 14/041,225, entitled “Orthogonalfrequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and duplication signalingwithin wireless communications,” filed Sep. 30, 2013, pending, whichclaims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/751,401, entitled “Next generation within singleuser, multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Jan. 11, 2013; U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/831,789, entitled “Next generation within singleuser, multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Jun. 6, 2013; U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/870,606, entitled “Next generation within single user, multipleuser, multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed Aug.27, 2013; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/873,512, entitled“Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and duplicationsignaling within wireless communications,” filed Sep. 4, 2013; all ofwhich are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety andmade part of the present U.S. Utility Patent Application for allpurposes.

U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 14/948,604 also claims prioritypursuant to 35 U.S.C. §120, as a continuation-in-part (CIP), to U.S.Utility patent application Ser. No. 14/814,991, entitled “Short trainingfield (STF) for use within single user, multiple user, multiple access,and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed Jul. 31, 2015, now issued asU.S. Pat. No. 9,407,485 on Aug. 2, 2016, which claims priority pursuantto 35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No.13/454,021, entitled “Short training field (STF) for use within singleuser, multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Apr. 23, 2012, now issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,113,490 on Aug. 18, 2015, which claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C.§119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/478,537, entitled“Preamble for use within multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMOwireless communications,” filed Apr. 24, 2011; U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/493,577, entitled “Preamble for use within multipleuser, multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed Jun.6, 2011; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/496,153, entitled “Preamblefor use within multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Jun. 13, 2011; U.S. Provisional Application No.61/501,239, entitled “Preamble for use within multiple user, multipleaccess, and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed Jun. 26, 2011; U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/507,955, entitled “Preamble for usewithin multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Jul. 14, 2011; U.S. Provisional Application No.61/512,363, entitled “Preamble for use within multiple user, multipleaccess, and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed Jul. 27, 2011; U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/522,608, entitled “Preamble for usewithin multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Aug. 11, 2011; U.S. Provisional Application No.61/542,602, entitled “Preamble for use within multiple user, multipleaccess, and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed Oct. 3, 2011; U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/561,722, entitled “Preamble for usewithin multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Nov. 18, 2011; U.S. Provisional Application No.61/577,597, entitled “Preamble for use within multiple user, multipleaccess, and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed Dec. 19, 2011; U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/584,142, entitled “Preamble for usewithin multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Jan. 6, 2012; U.S. Provisional Application No.61/592,514, entitled “Preamble for use within multiple user, multipleaccess, and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed Jan. 30, 2012; U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/595,616, entitled “Preamble for usewithin multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Feb. 6, 2012; U.S. Provisional Application No.61/598,293, entitled “Preamble for use within multiple user, multipleaccess, and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed Feb. 13, 2012; andU.S. Provisional Application No. 61/602,504, entitled “Preamble for usewithin multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Feb. 23, 2012; all of which are herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entirety and made part of thepresent U.S. Utility Patent Application for all purposes.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The following U.S. Utility Patent Application is hereby incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety and made part of the present U.S.Utility Patent Application for all purposes:

1. U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 14/948,546, entitled“Preamble design within wireless communications,” filed concurrently onNov. 23, 2015, pending.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems; and,more particularly, to signal design and construction within single user,multiple user, multiple access, and/or multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO) wireless communications.

Description of Related Art

Communication systems support wireless and wire lined communicationsbetween wireless and/or wire lined communication devices. The systemscan range from national and/or international cellular telephone systems,to the Internet, to point-to-point in-home wireless networks and canoperate in accordance with one or more communication standards. Forexample, wireless communication systems may operate in accordance withone or more standards including, but not limited to, IEEE 802.11x (wherex may be various extensions such as a, b, n, g, etc.), Bluetooth,advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, global system formobile communications (GSM), etc., and/or variations thereof.

In some instances, wireless communication is made between a transmitter(TX) and receiver (RX) using single-input-single-output (SISO)communication. Another type of wireless communication issingle-input-multiple-output (SIMO) in which a single TX processes datainto radio frequency (RF) signals that are transmitted to a RX thatincludes two or more antennae and two or more RX paths.

Yet an alternative type of wireless communication ismultiple-input-single-output (MISO) in which a TX includes two or moretransmission paths that each respectively converts a correspondingportion of baseband signals into RF signals, which are transmitted viacorresponding antennae to a RX. Another type of wireless communicationis multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) in which a TX and RX eachrespectively includes multiple paths such that a TX parallel processesdata using a spatial and time encoding function to produce two or morestreams of data and a RX receives the multiple RF signals via multipleRX paths that recapture the streams of data utilizing a spatial and timedecoding function.

Certain communication systems may include various wireless communicationdevices that operate based on multiple communication protocols,standards, and/or recommended practices. The prior art does not provideadequate means by which the various wireless communication devices cangenerate, distinguish, differentiate, and classify variouscommunications that within such communication systems that may be basedon such multiple communication protocols, standards, and/or recommendedpractices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a wirelesscommunication system.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of dense deployment ofwireless communication devices.

FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an example of communication betweenwireless communication devices.

FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating another example of communicationbetween wireless communication devices.

FIG. 3C is a diagram illustrating another example of communicationbetween wireless communication devices.

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) and/or orthogonal frequency divisionmultiple access (OFDMA).

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating another example of OFDM and/or OFDMA.

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating another example of OFDM and/or OFDMA.

FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating another example of OFDM and/or OFDMA.

FIG. 4E is a diagram illustrating an example of single-carrier (SC)signaling.

FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example of an OFDM/A packet.

FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating another example of an OFDM/A packet ofa second type.

FIG. 5C is a diagram illustrating an example of at least one portion ofan OFDM/A packet of another type.

FIG. 5D is a diagram illustrating another example of an OFDM/A packet ofa third type.

FIG. 5E is a diagram illustrating another example of an OFDM/A packet ofa fourth type.

FIG. 5F is a diagram illustrating another example of an OFDM/A packet.

FIG. 5G is a diagram illustrating another example of an OFDM/A packet.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of various OFDM/A packetformats having different characteristics.

FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating another example of various OFDM/Apacket formats having different characteristics.

FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating another example of various OFDM/Apacket formats having different characteristics.

FIG. 7C is a diagram illustrating another example of various OFDM/Apacket formats having different characteristics.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method for executionby one or more wireless communication devices.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of a method forexecution by one or more wireless communication devices.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a wirelesscommunication system 100. The wireless communication system 100 includesbase stations and/or access points 112-116, wireless communicationdevices 118-132 (e.g., wireless stations (STAs)), and a network hardwarecomponent 134. The wireless communication devices 118-132 may be laptopcomputers, or tablets, 118 and 126, personal digital assistants 120 and130, personal computers 124 and 132 and/or cellular telephones 122 and128. Other examples of such wireless communication devices 118-132 couldalso or alternatively include other types of devices that includewireless communication capability. The details of an embodiment of suchwireless communication devices are described in greater detail withreference to FIG. 3A.

Some examples of possible devices that may be implemented to operate inaccordance with any of the various examples, embodiments, options,and/or their equivalents, etc. described herein may include, but are notlimited by, appliances within homes, businesses, etc. such asrefrigerators, microwaves, heaters, heating systems, air conditioners,air conditioning systems, lighting control systems, and/or any othertypes of appliances, etc.; meters such as for natural gas service,electrical service, water service, Internet service, cable and/orsatellite television service, and/or any other types of meteringpurposes, etc.; devices wearable on a user or person including watches,monitors such as those that monitor activity level, bodily functionssuch as heartbeat, breathing, bodily activity, bodily motion or lackthereof, etc.; medical devices including intravenous (IV) medicinedelivery monitoring and/or controlling devices, blood monitoring devices(e.g., glucose monitoring devices) and/or any other types of medicaldevices, etc.; premises monitoring devices such as movementdetection/monitoring devices, door closed/ajar detection/monitoringdevices, security/alarm system monitoring devices, and/or any other typeof premises monitoring devices; multimedia devices includingtelevisions, computers, audio playback devices, video playback devices,and/or any other type of multimedia devices, etc.; and/or generally anyother type(s) of device(s) that include(s) wireless communicationcapability, functionality, circuitry, etc. In general, any device thatis implemented to support wireless communications may be implemented tooperate in accordance with any of the various examples, embodiments,options, and/or their equivalents, etc. described herein.

The base stations (BSs) or access points (APs) 112-116 are operablycoupled to the network hardware 134 via local area network connections136, 138, and 140. The network hardware 134, which may be a router,switch, bridge, modem, system controller, etc., provides a wide areanetwork connection 142 for the communication system 100. Each of thebase stations or access points 112-116 has an associated antenna orantenna array to communicate with the wireless communication devices inits area. Typically, the wireless communication devices register with aparticular base station or access point 112-116 to receive services fromthe communication system 100. For direct connections (i.e.,point-to-point communications), wireless communication devicescommunicate directly via an allocated channel.

Any of the various wireless communication devices (WDEVs) 118-132 andBSs or APs 112-116 may include a processor and/or a communicationinterface to support communications with any other of the wirelesscommunication devices 118-132 and BSs or APs 112-116. In an example ofoperation, a processor and/or a communication interface implementedwithin one of the devices (e.g., any one of the WDEVs 118-132 and BSs orAPs 112-116) is/are configured to process at least one signal receivedfrom and/or to generate at least one signal to be transmitted to anotherone of the devices (e.g., any other one of the WDEVs 118-132 and BSs orAPs 112-116).

Note that general reference to a communication device, such as awireless communication device (e.g., WDEVs) 118-132 and BSs or APs112-116 in FIG. 1, or any other communication devices and/or wirelesscommunication devices may alternatively be made generally herein usingthe term ‘device’ (e.g., with respect to FIG. 2 below, “device 210” whenreferring to “wireless communication device 210” or “WDEV 210,” or“devices 210-234” when referring to “wireless communication devices210-234”; or with respect to FIG. 3 below, use of “device 310” mayalternatively be used when referring to “wireless communication device310”, or “devices 390 and 391 (or 390-391)” when referring to wirelesscommunication devices 390 and 391 or WDEVs 390 and 391). Generally, suchgeneral references or designations of devices may be usedinterchangeably.

The processor and/or the communication interface of any one of thevarious devices, WDEVs 118-132 and BSs or APs 112-116, may be configuredto support communications with any other of the various devices, WDEVs118-132 and BSs or APs 112-116. Such communications may beuni-directional or bi-directional between devices. Also, suchcommunications may be uni-directional between devices at one time andbi-directional between those devices at another time.

In an example, a device (e.g., any one of the WDEVs 118-132 and BSs orAPs 112-116) includes a communication interface and/or a processor (andpossibly other possible circuitries, components, elements, etc.) tosupport communications with other device(s) and to generate and processsignals for such communications. The communication interface and/or theprocessor operate to perform various operations and functions toeffectuate such communications (e.g., the communication interface andthe processor may be configured to perform certain operation(s) inconjunction with one another, cooperatively, dependently with oneanother, etc. and other operation(s) separately, independently from oneanother, etc.).

In an example of operation, a device (e.g., device 130) is configured toidentify a selected orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)packet format from a first OFDM packet format, a second OFDM packetformat, and a third OFDM packet format. Note that general reference toOFDM also includes orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA), which is a variant of OFDM, and the details of both aredescribed in more detail below. The device is also configured togenerate, based on the selected OFDM packet format, an OFDM packet thatincludes a preamble, wherein the preamble includes a first signal field(SIG) that is followed by a second SIG that is followed by a third SIG.

In some examples, the first SIG is based on a first communicationprotocol, and the second SIG and the third SIG are based on a secondcommunication protocol that is different than the first communicationprotocol. In some examples, the first communication protocol is a firstIEEE 802.11 communication protocol, and the second communicationprotocol is a second IEEE 802.11 communication protocol that is a legacyIEEE 802.11 communication protocol version to the first IEEE 802.11communication protocol. For example, the second IEEE 802.11communication protocol may be based on IEEE 802.11ax, while the firstIEEE 802.11 communication protocol may be based on any prior/legacyversion relative to IEEE 802.11ax (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b,IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ah, IEEE 802.11ag,and/or any other prior/legacy version, etc.).

The device is the configured to generate the preamble based on theselected OFDM packet format. For example, the device is configured togenerate the preamble in a first manner such that the preamble has firstcharacteristic(s) when the first OFDM packet format is selected, in asecond manner such that the preamble has second characteristic(s) whensecond first OFDM packet format is selected, and so on. Note that such

For example, when the selected OFDM packet format is a first OFDM packetformat, the device is configured to generate the preamble such that thefirst SIG includes first content. For example, when the selected OFDMpacket format is a second OFDM packet format, the device is configuredto generate the preamble such that the second SIG includes secondcontent, the second SIG has a first phase, and the third SIG has asecond phase that is 90 degrees phase shifted from the first phase. Forexample, when the selected OFDM packet format is a third OFDM packetformat, the device is configured to generate the preamble such that thesecond SIG includes the second content, and both the second SIG and thethird SIG have the first phase.

The device is also configured to transmit the OFDM packet to anotherwireless communication device (e.g., another one of the WDEVs 118-132and BSs or APs 112-116). With respect to a receiver device (e.g., device116) receives such a packet, such a receiver device is configured toprocess such OFDM/A packets to determine characteristic(s) thereof todetermine, identify, classify, etc. their respective packet formats sothat the OFDM/A packets can be properly and appropriately processedbased on their particular packet formats. For example, when the receiverdevice classifies a received OFDM/A packet as having a first OFDM packetformat, the receiver device then processes that OFDM/A packetaccordingly and appropriately based on that first OFDM packet formatclassification. Also, when the receiver device classifies a receivedOFDM/A packet as having a second OFDM packet format, the receiver devicethen processes that OFDM/A packet accordingly and appropriately based onthat second OFDM packet format classification. Similar classification,processing, etc. is performed similarly for other OFDM packet formats.

In another example of operation, based on the selected OFDM packetformat, a device is configured to generate the OFDM packet such that thefirst SIG is adjacently preceded by a copy of the first SIG. In anotherexample of operation, the device is configured to generate the OFDMpacket to include a short training field (STF) that is adjacentlyfollowed by a long training field (LTF) that is adjacently followed bythe copy of the first SIG that is adjacently followed by the first SIGthat is adjacently followed by the second SIG that is adjacentlyfollowed by the third SIG. In such an example, the STF, the LTF, and thefirst SIG are based on the first communication protocol, and the secondSIG and the third SIG are based on the second communication protocolthat is different than the first communication protocol.

In another example of operation, the device is configured to generatethe OFDM packet to include the preamble followed by data. In such anexample, a first portion of the preamble is based on the firstcommunication protocol and includes the first SIG that is adjacentlypreceded by a copy of the first SIG, and a second portion of thepreamble is based on the second communication protocol and includes thesecond SIG and the third SIG. In another example of operation, thedevice is configured to generate the preamble such that the first SIG isfollowed by the second SIG is followed by the third SIG. In such anexample, the first SIG includes information that specifies modulationcoding set (MCS) and/or any other characteristic(s) of at least one ofthe second SIG or the third SIG.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment 200 of dense deploymentof wireless communication devices (shown as WDEVs in the diagram). Anyof the various WDEVs 210-234 may be access points (APs) or wirelessstations (STAs). For example, WDEV 210 may be an AP or an AP-operativeSTA that communicates with WDEVs 212, 214, 216, and 218 that are STAs.WDEV 220 may be an AP or an AP-operative STA that communicates withWDEVs 222, 224, 226, and 228 that are STAs. In certain instances, atleast one additional AP or AP-operative STA may be deployed, such asWDEV 230 that communicates with WDEVs 232 and 234 that are STAs. TheSTAs may be any type of one or more wireless communication device typesincluding wireless communication devices 118-132, and the APs orAP-operative STAs may be any type of one or more wireless communicationdevices including as BSs or APs 112-116. Different groups of the WDEVs210-234 may be partitioned into different basic services sets (BSSs). Insome instances, at least one of the WDEVs 210-234 are included within atleast one overlapping basic services set (OBSS) that cover two or moreBSSs. As described above with the association of WDEVs in an AP-STArelationship, one of the WDEVs may be operative as an AP and certain ofthe WDEVs can be implemented within the same basic services set (BSS).

This disclosure presents novel architectures, methods, approaches, etc.that allow for improved spatial re-use for next generation WiFi orwireless local area network (WLAN) systems. Next generation WiFi systemsare expected to improve performance in dense deployments where manyclients and APs are packed in a given area (e.g., which may be an area[indoor and/or outdoor] with a high density of devices, such as a trainstation, airport, stadium, building, shopping mall, arenas, conventioncenters, colleges, downtown city centers, etc. to name just someexamples). Large numbers of devices operating within a given area can beproblematic if not impossible using prior technologies.

In an example of operation, a device (e.g., WDEV 216) is configured toidentify a selected OFDM packet format from a first OFDM packet format,a second OFDM packet format, and a third OFDM packet format. The device(e.g., WDEV 216) is also configured to generate, based on the selectedOFDM packet format, an OFDM packet that includes a preamble. In such anexample, the preamble includes a first signal field (SIG) that isfollowed by a second SIG that is followed by a third SIG. In someexamples, the first SIG is based on a first communication protocol, andthe second SIG and the third SIG are based on a second communicationprotocol.

When the selected OFDM packet format is the first OFDM packet format,the device (e.g., WDEV 216) is configured to generate the preamble suchthat the first SIG includes first content. When the selected OFDM packetformat is the second OFDM packet format, the device (e.g., WDEV 216) isconfigured to generate the preamble such that the second SIG includessecond content, the second SIG has a first phase, and the third SIG hasa second phase that is 90 degrees phase shifted from the first phase.When the selected OFDM packet format is the third OFDM packet format,the device (e.g., WDEV 216) is configured to generate the preamble suchthat the second SIG includes the second content, and both the second SIGand the third SIG have the first phase. The device (e.g., WDEV 216) isalso configured to transmit the OFDM packet to another wirelesscommunication device (e.g., WDEV 210).

In another example of operation, a device (e.g., WDEV 216) is configuredto identify a selected OFDM packet format from a first OFDM packetformat, a second OFDM packet format, and a third OFDM packet format. Thedevice (e.g., WDEV 216) is configured to generate, based on the selectedOFDM packet format, an OFDM packet that includes a preamble. Thepreamble includes a short training field (STF) that is adjacentlyfollowed by a long training field (LTF) that is adjacently followed afirst signal field (SIG) that is adjacently followed by a copy of thefirst SIG that is adjacently followed a second SIG that is adjacentlyfollowed by a third SIG. In some examples, the STF, the LTF, and firstSIG are based on a first communication protocol, and the second SIG andthe third SIG are based on a second communication protocol. In certainexamples, the first SIG includes information that specifies modulationcoding set (MCS) of at least one of the second SIG or the third SIG.

When the selected OFDM packet format is the first OFDM packet format,the device (e.g., WDEV 216) is configured to generate the preamble suchthat the first SIG includes first content. When the selected OFDM packetformat is the second OFDM packet format, the device (e.g., WDEV 216) isconfigured to generate the preamble such that the second SIG includessecond content, the second SIG has a first phase, and the third SIG hasa second phase that is 90 degrees phase shifted from the first phase.When the selected OFDM packet format is the third OFDM packet format,the device (e.g., WDEV 216) is configured to generate the preamble suchthat the second SIG includes the second content, and both the second SIGand the third SIG have the first phase. The device (e.g., WDEV 216) isalso configured to transmit the OFDM packet to another wirelesscommunication device (e.g., WDEV 210).

FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an example 301 of communicationbetween wireless communication devices. A wireless communication device310 (e.g., which may be any one of devices 118-132 as with reference toFIG. 1) is in communication with another wireless communication device390 via a transmission medium. The wireless communication device 310includes a communication interface 320 to perform transmitting andreceiving of at least one packet or frame (e.g., using a transmitter 322and a receiver 324) (note that general reference to packet or frame maybe used interchangeably).

Generally speaking, the communication interface 320 is implemented toperform any such operations of an analog front end (AFE) and/or physicallayer (PHY) transmitter, receiver, and/or transceiver. Examples of suchoperations may include any one or more of various operations includingconversions between the frequency and analog or continuous time domains(e.g., such as the operations performed by a digital to analog converter(DAC) and/or an analog to digital converter (ADC)), gain adjustmentincluding scaling, filtering (e.g., in either the digital or analogdomains), frequency conversion (e.g., such as frequency upscaling and/orfrequency downscaling, such as to a baseband frequency at which one ormore of the components of the device 310 operates), equalization,pre-equalization, metric generation, symbol mapping and/or de-mapping,automatic gain control (AGC) operations, and/or any other operationsthat may be performed by an AFE and/or PHY component within a wirelesscommunication device.

In some implementations, the wireless communication device 310 alsoincludes a processor 330, and an associated memory 340, to executevarious operations including interpreting at least one signal, symbol,packet, and/or frame transmitted to wireless communication device 390and/or received from the wireless communication device 390 and/orwireless communication device 391. The wireless communication devices310 and 390 (and/or 391) may be implemented using at least oneintegrated circuit in accordance with any desired configuration orcombination of components, modules, etc. within at least one integratedcircuit. Also, the wireless communication devices 310, 390, and/or 391may each include one or more antennas for transmitting and/or receivingof at least one packet or frame (e.g., WDEV 390 may include m antennae,and WDEV 391 may include n antennae).

Also, in some examples, note that one or more of the processor 330, thecommunication interface 320 (including the TX 322 and/or RX 324thereof), and/or the memory 340 may be implemented in one or more“processing modules,” “processing circuits,” “processors,” and/or“processing units”. Considering one example, one processor 330 a may beimplemented to include the processor 330, the communication interface320 (including the TX 322 and/or RX 324 thereof), and the memory 340.Considering another example, two or more processors may be implementedto include the processor 330, the communication interface 320 (includingthe TX 322 and/or RX 324 thereof), and the memory 340. In such examples,such a “processor” or “processors” is/are configured to perform variousoperations, functions, communications, etc. as described herein. Ingeneral, the various elements, components, etc. shown within the device310 may be implemented in any number of “processing modules,”“processing circuits,” “processors,” and/or “processing units” (e.g., 1,2, . . . , and generally using N such “processing modules,” “processingcircuits,” “processors,” and/or “processing units”, where N is apositive integer greater than or equal to 1).

In some examples, the device 310 includes both processor 330 andcommunication interface 320 configured to perform various operations. Inother examples, the device 310 includes processor 330 a configured toperform various operations. Generally, such operations includegenerating, transmitting, etc. signals intended for one or more otherdevices (e.g., device 390 through 391) and receiving, processing, etc.other signals received for one or more other devices (e.g., device 390through 391).

In an example of operation, the processor 330 a is configured toidentify a selected OFDM packet format from a first OFDM packet format,a second OFDM packet format, and a third OFDM packet format. Theprocessor 330 a is also configured to generate, based on the selectedOFDM packet format, an OFDM packet that includes a preamble. Thepreamble includes a first signal field (SIG) that is followed by asecond SIG that is followed by a third SIG. In some examples, the firstSIG is based on a first communication protocol (e.g., a newer or newestIEEE 802.11), and the second SIG and the third SIG are based on a secondcommunication protocol (e.g., the second communication protocol beingany prior, legacy, etc. version of IEEE 802.11 relative to the newer ornewest IEEE 802.11).

When the selected OFDM packet format is the first OFDM packet format,the processor 330 a is configured to generate the preamble such that thefirst SIG includes first content. When the selected OFDM packet formatis the second OFDM packet format, the processor 330 a is configured togenerate the preamble such that the second SIG includes second content,the second SIG has a first phase, and the third SIG has a second phasethat is 90 degrees phase shifted from the first phase (e.g., the secondSIG and the third SIG have phases that are 90 degrees phase shifted fromone another). When the selected OFDM packet format is the third OFDMpacket format, the processor 330 a is configured to generate thepreamble such that the second SIG includes the second content, and boththe second SIG and the third SIG have the first phase (e.g., both thesecond SIG and the third SIG have the same phase). The processor 330 ais also configured to transmit the OFDM packet to device 390 and/ordevice 391.

In another example of operation, processor 330 a is configured togenerate the OFDM packet such that the first SIG is adjacently precededby a copy of the first SIG. In another example of operation, processor330 a is configured to generate the OFDM packet to include a shorttraining field (STF) that is adjacently followed by a long trainingfield (LTF) that is adjacently followed by the copy of the first SIGthat is adjacently followed by the first SIG that is adjacently followedby the second SIG that is adjacently followed by the third SIG. In someexamples, the STF, the LTF, and the first SIG are based on the firstcommunication protocol (e.g., a newer or newest IEEE 802.11), and thesecond SIG and the third SIG are based on the second communicationprotocol that is different than the first communication protocol (e.g.,the second communication protocol being any prior, legacy, etc. versionof IEEE 802.11 relative to the newer or newest IEEE 802.11).

In another example of operation, processor 330 a is configured togenerate the OFDM packet to include the preamble followed by data. Afirst portion of the preamble is based on the first communicationprotocol and includes the first SIG that is adjacently preceded by acopy of the first SIG, and a second portion of the preamble is based onthe second communication protocol and includes the second SIG and thethird SIG.

In another example of operation, processor 330 a is configured togenerate the preamble such that the first SIG is followed by the secondSIG is followed by the third SIG, wherein the first SIG includesinformation that specifies modulation coding set (MCS) of at least oneof the second SIG or the third SIG.

FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating another example 302 of communicationbetween wireless communication devices. In an example of operation, onthe left hand side (LHS) of the diagram, device 310 is configured totransmit one or more OFDM/A packets to one or more other devices 390through 391. In the LHS of this diagram, these transmissions aredepicted as being performed in a downstream (DS) pathway at or during afirst time or time period (e.g., time 1 or ΔT1). In some examples, thedevice 310 may be configured to transmit such OFDM/A packets usingorthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) signaling and/ormulti-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) signaling, etc.

On the right hand side (RHS) of the diagram, device 310 is configured toreceive one or more OFDM/A packets from one or more other devices 390through 391. In the RHS of this diagram, these transmissions aredepicted as being performed in an upstream (US) pathway at or during asecond time or time period (e.g., time 2 or ΔT2). In some examples, thedevice 310 may be configured to receive such OFDM/A packets via OFDMAsignaling and/or MU-MIMO signaling, etc.

Note that the OFDM/A packets transmitted, received, etc. between devicesmay be implemented to include a various characteristics that allow forclassification, differentiation, etc. of OFDM/A packets of one packetformat compared to OFDM/A packets of other packet formats. For example,various characteristics such as field content, inverted polarity, phaseshifts and/or rotations, etc. may be included within OFDM/A packets thatare based on various packet formats to allow them to be classified,differentiated, etc. from OFDM/A packets of other packet formats. Thedevice 310 may be configured to generate such OFDM/A packets based onany of a number of various packets.

FIG. 3C is a diagram illustrating another example 303 of communicationbetween wireless communication devices. This diagram shows a possibleconstruction of an OFDM packet. The OFDM packet includes a first atleast one SIG followed by a second at least one SIG that is followed byone or more other fields within the OFDM packet remainder (e.g., suchother fields may include any one or more of an short training field(STF), an long training field (LTF), another SIG such as SIG-A and/orSIB-B based on a newer or newest IEEE 802.11, data, payload, etc.). Notealso that the first at least one SIG may be preceded by one or moreother fields within the OFDM packet (e.g., STF, LTF, etc.).

In some examples, note that the second at least one SIG is a copy,repeat, duplicate, etc. of the first at least one SIG. In one example,the OFDM packet includes a first SIG that is adjacently followed by asecond SIG that is copy, repeat, duplicate, etc. of the first SIG (shownas R-SIG). Note that such a SIG that is adjacently followed by a R-SIGmay be viewed as being a SPECIAL symbol. Such a SPECIAL symbol may beused to classify a first symbol, signal, packet, an OFDM packet, etc.based on a first format (e.g., a new format such as a newer or newestIEEE 802.11) vs.

one or more previous formats (e.g., a second communication protocolbeing any prior, legacy, etc. version of IEEE 802.11 relative to thenewer or newest IEEE 802.11).

In some examples, such a SPECIAL symbol may be designed to be up to aparticular length (e.g., 8 μs (micro-seconds) long). In some examples,the SPECIAL format can contain any specific pseudo-noise (PN) sequence(e.g., may be multiplied by a PN sequence) and can be used instead ofanother field (e.g., such as besides a STF). The SPECIAL symbol can alsobe a repeated L_SIG field (e.g., such as a legacy SIG based on a legacy,prior, etc. IEEE 802.11 communication protocol relative to a newer ornewest IEEE 802.11 communication protocol). Note that a double guardinterval (GI) can be used in front of such a SIG field within such anOFDM/A packet.

Such SIGs (e.g., SIG that is adjacently followed by R-SIG) can includevarious information to describe the OFDM packet including certainattributes as data rate, packet length, number of symbols within thepacket, channel width, modulation encoding, modulation coding set (MCS),modulation type, whether the packet as a single or multiuser frame,frame length, etc. among other possible information. Among otheraspects, this disclosure presents a means by which an OFDM/A packet isdesigned that includes such SIGs (e.g., SIG that is adjacently followedby R-SIG).

Note also that a first at least one SIG can include a SIG and a copy ofthat SIG (or a cyclic shifted copy of that SIG, R-SIG) the second atleast one SIG can include as few as one SIG or two or more SIGs. In someexamples, the first at least one SIG specifies one or morecharacteristics of the second at least one SIG. In some examples,information included within one or both of the first and second at leastone SIGs specifies one or more other characteristics of the OFDM packetremainder. Some additional information regarding orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) and/or orthogonal frequency divisionmultiple access (OFDMA) is provided below.

Note also that various portions of the OFDM/A packet may be based ondifferent communication protocol. In one example, the SIG and its copy,duplicate, etc. R-SIG are based on a first communication protocol, andat least one other field of the OFDM/A packet is based on a secondcommunication protocol that is different than the first communicationprotocol. In some examples, the first communication protocol is a firstIEEE 802.11 communication protocol, and the second communicationprotocol is a second IEEE 802.11 communication protocol that is a legacyIEEE 802.11 communication protocol version to the first IEEE 802.11communication protocol. For example, the second IEEE 802.11communication protocol may be based on IEEE 802.11ax, while the firstIEEE 802.11 communication protocol may be based on any prior/legacyversion relative to IEEE 802.11ax (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b,IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ah, IEEE 802.11ag,and/or any other prior/legacy version, etc.).

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example 401 of orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) and/or orthogonal frequency divisionmultiple access (OFDMA). OFDM's modulation may be viewed as dividing upan available spectrum into a plurality of narrowband sub-carriers (e.g.,relatively lower data rate carriers). The sub-carriers are includedwithin an available frequency spectrum portion or band. This availablefrequency spectrum is divided into the sub-carriers or tones used forthe OFDM or OFDMA symbols and packets/frames. Note that sub-carrier ortone may be used interchangeably. Typically, the frequency responses ofthese sub-carriers are non-overlapping and orthogonal. Each sub-carriermay be modulated using any of a variety of modulation coding techniques(e.g., as shown by the vertical axis of modulated data).

A communication device may be configured to perform encoding of one ormore bits to generate one or more coded bits used to generate themodulation data (or generally, data). For example, a processor and thecommunication interface of a communication device may be configured toperform forward error correction (FEC) and/or error checking andcorrection (ECC) code of one or more bits to generate one or more codedbits. Examples of FEC and/or ECC may include turbo code, convolutionalcode, turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM), low density parity check(LDPC) code, Reed-Solomon (RS) code, BCH (Bose and Ray-Chaudhuri, andHocquenghem) code, binary convolutional code (BCC), Cyclic RedundancyCheck (CRC), and/or any other type of ECC and/or FEC code and/orcombination thereof, etc. Note that more than one type of ECC and/or FECcode may be used in any of various implementations includingconcatenation (e.g., first ECC and/or FEC code followed by second ECCand/or FEC code, etc. such as based on an inner code/outer codearchitecture, etc.), parallel architecture (e.g., such that first ECCand/or FEC code operates on first bits while second ECC and/or FEC codeoperates on second bits, etc.), and/or any combination thereof. The oneor more coded bits may then undergo modulation or symbol mapping togenerate modulation symbols. The modulation symbols may include dataintended for one or more recipient devices. Note that such modulationsymbols may be generated using any of various types of modulation codingtechniques. Examples of such modulation coding techniques may includebinary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK),8-phase shift keying (PSK), 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 32amplitude and phase shift keying (APSK), etc., uncoded modulation,and/or any other desired types of modulation including higher orderedmodulations that may include even greater number of constellation points(e.g., 1024 QAM, etc.).

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating another example 402 of OFDM and/orOFDMA. A transmitting device transmits modulation symbols via thesub-carriers. Note that such modulation symbols may include datamodulation symbols, pilot modulation symbols (e.g., for use in channelestimation, characterization, etc.) and/or other types of modulationsymbols (e.g., with other types of information included therein). OFDMand/or OFDMA modulation may operate by performing simultaneoustransmission of a large number of narrowband carriers (or multi-tones).In some applications, a guard interval (GI) or guard space is sometimesemployed between the various OFDM symbols to try to minimize the effectsof ISI (Inter-Symbol Interference) that may be caused by the effects ofmulti-path within the communication system, which can be particularly ofconcern in wireless communication systems. In addition, a cyclic prefix(CP) and/or cyclic suffix (CS) (shown in right hand side of FIG. 4A)that may be a copy of the CP may also be employed within the guardinterval to allow switching time (e.g., such as when jumping to a newcommunication channel or sub-channel) and to help maintain orthogonalityof the OFDM and/or OFDMA symbols. Generally speaking, an OFDM and/orOFDMA system design is based on the expected delay spread within thecommunication system (e.g., the expected delay spread of thecommunication channel).

In a single-user system in which one or more OFDM symbols or OFDMpackets/frames are transmitted between a transmitter device and areceiver device, all of the sub-carriers or tones are dedicated for usein transmitting modulated data between the transmitter and receiverdevices. In a multiple user system in which one or more OFDM symbols orOFDM packets/frames are transmitted between a transmitter device andmultiple recipient or receiver devices, the various sub-carriers ortones may be mapped to different respective receiver devices asdescribed below with respect to FIG. 4C.

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating another example 403 of OFDM and/orOFDMA. Comparing OFDMA to OFDM, OFDMA is a multi-user version of thepopular orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) digitalmodulation scheme. Multiple access is achieved in OFDMA by assigningsubsets of sub-carriers to individual recipient devices or users. Forexample, first sub-carrier(s)/tone(s) may be assigned to a user 1,second sub-carrier(s)/tone(s) may be assigned to a user 2, and so on upto any desired number of users. In addition, such sub-carrier/toneassignment may be dynamic among different respective transmissions(e.g., a first assignment for a first packet/frame, a second assignmentfor second packet/frame, etc.). An OFDM packet/frame may include morethan one OFDM symbol. Similarly, an OFDMA packet/frame may include morethan one OFDMA symbol. In addition, such sub-carrier/tone assignment maybe dynamic among different respective symbols within a givenpacket/frame or superframe (e.g., a first assignment for a first OFDMAsymbol within a packet/frame, a second assignment for a second OFDMAsymbol within the packet/frame, etc.). Generally speaking, an OFDMAsymbol is a particular type of OFDM symbol, and general reference toOFDM symbol herein includes both OFDM and OFDMA symbols (and generalreference to OFDM packet/frame herein includes both OFDM and OFDMApackets/frames, and vice versa). FIG. 4C shows example 403 where theassignments of sub-carriers to different users are intermingled amongone another (e.g., sub-carriers assigned to a first user includesnon-adjacent sub-carriers and at least one sub-carrier assigned to asecond user is located in between two sub-carriers assigned to the firstuser). The different groups of sub-carriers associated with each usermay be viewed as being respective channels of a plurality of channelsthat compose all of the available sub-carriers for OFDM signaling.

FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating another example 404 of OFDM and/orOFDMA. In this example 404, the assignments of sub-carriers to differentusers are located in different groups of adjacent sub-carriers (e.g.,first sub-carriers assigned to a first user include first adjacentlylocated sub-carrier group, second sub-carriers assigned to a second userinclude second adjacently located sub-carrier group, etc.). Thedifferent groups of adjacently located sub-carriers associated with eachuser may be viewed as being respective channels of a plurality ofchannels that compose all of the available sub-carriers for OFDMsignaling.

FIG. 4E is a diagram illustrating an example 405 of single-carrier (SC)signaling. SC signaling, when compared to OFDM signaling, includes asingular relatively wide channel across which signals are transmitted.In contrast, in OFDM, multiple narrowband sub-carriers or narrowbandsub-channels span the available frequency range, bandwidth, or spectrumacross which signals are transmitted within the narrowband sub-carriersor narrowband sub-channels.

Generally, a communication device may be configured to include aprocessor and the communication interface (or alternatively a processor,such a processor 330 a shown in FIG. 3A) configured to process receivedOFDM and/or OFDMA symbols and/or frames (and/or SC symbols and/orframes) and to generate such OFDM and/or OFDMA symbols and/or frames(and/or SC symbols and/or frames).

In an example of operation, a communication device (e.g., such as any ofthe wireless communication devices described herein or theirequivalents) is configured to generate an OFDM/A symbol, an OFDM/Aframe, an OFDM/A packet, an OFDM/A super-frame, and/or another signalhaving certain characteristics. Examples of such characteristics includehaving a field and a repetition, copy, duplicate, etc. of that fieldtherein.

Other examples of such characteristics include field content. Considerhaving a given field to include first content in one instance (e.g., tospecify one symbol, packet, frame, signal, etc. type) and to includesecond content in one instance (e.g., to specify another symbol, packet,frame, signal, etc. type). For example, content of a first type can beused to specify a first symbol, packet, frame, signal, etc. type, andcontent of a second type can be used to specify a second symbol, packet,frame, signal, etc. type. Generally, this process can continue for anynumber of symbol, packet, frame, signal, etc. types such that content ofan n-th type (n being a positive integer greater than 1) can be used tospecify an n-th symbol, packet, frame, signal, etc. type.

Other examples of such characteristics include inverted polarity.Consider having two fields that have some inverted polarity with respectto one another. For example, a first field may have a first phase, and asecond field may have a second phase that is an inverted polarityrelative the first phase. In one example, the first phase is 0 degreesand the second phase is 180 degrees. Note that in some instances the twofields may have the same phase (e.g., both 0 degrees, both 180 degrees,etc.) as yet another means by which to differentiate the fields.

Other examples of such characteristics include phase shifts, rotations,etc. Consider having two fields that have some phase shift, rotation,etc. with respect to one another. For example, a first field may have afirst phase, and a second field may have a second phase that isdifferent than the first phase. In one example, the first phase is 0degrees and the second phase is 90 degrees. Note that in some instancesthe two fields may have the same phase (e.g., both 0 degrees, both 90degrees, etc.) as yet another means by which to differentiate thefields.

In prior IEEE 802.11 legacy prior standards, protocols, and/orrecommended practices, including those that operate in the 2.4 GHz and 5GHz frequency bands, among other frequency bands, certain preambles areused. For use in the development of a new standard, protocol, and/orrecommended practice, a new preamble design is presented herein thatpermits classification of all current preamble formats while stillenabling the classification of a new format by new devices.

FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example 501 of an OFDM/A packet.This packet includes at least one preamble symbol followed by at leastone data symbol. The at least one preamble symbol includes informationfor use in identifying, classifying, and/or categorizing the packet forappropriate processing.

FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating another example 502 of an OFDM/Apacket of a second type. This packet also includes a preamble and data.The preamble is composed of and/or short training field (STF), at leastone long training field (LTF), and at least one signal field (SIG). Thedata is composed of at least one data field. In both this example 502and the prior example 501, the at least one data symbol and/or the atleast one data field may generally be referred to as the payload of thepacket. Among other purposes, STFs and LTFs can be used to assist adevice to identify that a frame is about to start, to synchronizetimers, to select an antenna configuration, to set receiver gain, to setup certain the modulation parameters for the remainder of the packet, toperform channel estimation for uses such as beamforming, etc. In someexamples, one or more STFs are used for gain adjustment (e.g., such asautomatic gain control (AGC) adjustment), and a given STF may berepeated one or more times (e.g., repeated 1 time in one example). Insome examples, one or more LTFs are used for channel estimation, channelcharacterization, etc. (e.g., such as for determining a channelresponse, a channel transfer function, etc.), and a given LTF may berepeated one or more times (e.g., repeated up to 8 times in oneexample).

Among other purposes, the SIGs can include various information todescribe the OFDM packet including certain attributes as data rate,packet length, number of symbols within the packet, channel width,modulation encoding, modulation coding set (MCS), modulation type,whether the packet as a single or multiuser frame, frame length, etc.among other possible information. This disclosure presents a means bywhich a variable length second at least one SIG can be used to includeany desired amount of information. By using at least one SIG that is avariable length, different amounts of information may be specifiedtherein to adapt for any situation.

Various examples are described below for possible designs of a preamblefor use in wireless communications as described herein.

FIG. 5C is a diagram illustrating another example 503 of at least oneportion of an OFDM/A packet of another type. A field within the packetmay be copied one or more times therein (e.g., where N is the number oftimes that the field is copied, and N is any positive integer greaterthan or equal to one). This copy may be a cyclically shifted copy. Thecopy may be modified in other ways from the original from which the copyis made.

FIG. 5D is a diagram illustrating another example 504 of an OFDM/Apacket of a third type. In this example 504, the OFDM/A packet includesone or more fields followed by one of more first signal fields (SIG(s)1) followed by one of more second signal fields (SIG(s) 2) followed byand one or more data field.

FIG. 5E is a diagram illustrating another example 505 of an OFDM/Apacket of a fourth type. In this example 505, the OFDM/A packet includesone or more first fields followed by one of more first signal fields(SIG(s) 1) followed by one or more second fields followed by one of moresecond signal fields (SIG(s) 2) followed by and one or more data field.

FIG. 5F is a diagram illustrating another example 506 of an OFDM/Apacket. Such a general preamble format may be backward compatible withprior IEEE 802.11 prior standards, protocols, and/or recommendedpractices.

In this example 506, the OFDM/A packet includes a legacy portion (e.g.,at least one legacy short training field (STF) shown as L-STF, at leastone legacy long training field (LTF) shown as L-LTF, a legacy signalfield (SIG) shown as L-SIG, and a repeat, copy, duplicate, etc. of thatshown as L-SIG shown as RL-SIG) and a first signal field (SIG) (e.g.,VHT [Very High Throughput] SIG (shown as SIG-A)). Then, the OFDM/Apacket includes one or more other VHT portions (e.g., VHT short trainingfield (STF) shown as VHT-STF, one or more VHT long training fields(LTFs) shown as VHT-LTF, a second SIG (e.g., VHT SIG (shown as SIG-B)),and one or more data symbols.

FIG. 5G is a diagram illustrating another example 507 of an OFDM/Apacket. In this example 507, the OFDM/A packet includes a first portionbased on a first communication protocol and a second portion based on asecond communication protocol. Generally, note that other types ofOFDM/A packets may generally include a first portion based on a firstcommunication protocol, a second portion based on a second communicationprotocol, and so on up to an n-th portion based on an n-thcommunication, where n is a positive integer greater than 2.

Considering the example 507 of this diagram, a first portion of theOFDM/A packet based on a first communication protocol (e.g., a legacyportion) includes a legacy STF shown as L-STF, a legacy LTF shown asL-LTF, a legacy SIG shown as L-SIG, a repetition of the legacy SIG shownas RL-SIG) followed by a second portion of the OFDM/A packet that isbased on a second communication protocol that includes a first other SIGshown as SIGA1 and optionally one or more other SIGs (e.g., a SIGA2 oralternatively up to a SIGAn). In some examples, the OFDM/A packet alsoincludes one or more other fields (e.g., one or more other STFs, one ormore other LTFs, etc.). In some examples, the OFDM/A packet alsoincludes one or more data symbols.

Note also that any one or more portions of the various examples ofOFDM/A packets, portions thereof, etc. may selected and combined to formother types of OFDM/A packets, portions thereof, etc. For examples,certain portions or aspects of any OFDM/A packets, portions thereof,etc. may be selected and used to design, construct, generate, etc.various other OFDM/A packets, portions thereof, etc.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of various OFDM/A packetformats having different characteristics. This diagram shows did packetformats that have various characteristics. In some examples, differentformats (e.g., different OFDM packet formats, different OFDMA packetformats, different signal formats, different symbol formats, etc.) maybe characterized as having aspects, features, etc. that allow fordistinction, differentiation, classification, etc. between the differentformats.

This diagram shows 3 different packet formats. In some examples, a firstpacket format is based on a legacy format, such as shown by L (e.g., anyprior, legacy, etc. version of IEEE 802.11 relative to a newer or newestIEEE 802.11, such as IEEE 802.11a/b/g being legacy with respect to IEEE802.11n, such as IEEE 802.11n being legacy with respect to IEEE802.11ac, such IEEE 802.11ac as being legacy with respect to IEEE802.11ax, etc.). A second packet format is based on another format, suchas shown by HT (e.g., High Throughput (HT)), and a third packet formatis based on another format, such as shown by VHT (e.g., Very HighThroughput (VHT)), etc. In some examples, the different packet formatsare based on different communication standards, communication protocols,and/or recommended standards. Also, in some examples, a first portion ofa given packet format is based on a first communication standard,communication protocol, and/or recommended standard, and a secondportion of that given packet format is based on a second communicationstandard, communication protocol, and/or recommended standard.

Considering the various packet formats of this diagram, the first packetformat (e.g., L) includes a legacy portion that includes a legacy shorttraining field (STF) shown as L-STF, a legacy long training field (LTF)shown as L-LTF, and a legacy signal field (SIG) shown as L-SIG). Thefirst packet format (e.g., L) also includes another portion is based onanother communication standard, communication protocol, and/orrecommended standard. For example, this other portion includes one ormore data fields such as Data 1, Data 2, etc. Note that this otherportion may also include one or more other SIGs (e.g., SIG1, SIG2 basedon a second communication standard, communication protocol, and/orrecommended standard and/or SIGA1, SIGA2 based on a third communicationstandard, communication protocol and/or recommended standard). In someexamples of the first packet format (e.g., L), the L-STF has a durationof 8 μsec and includes 10 copies of 0.8 μsec STF sequences, the L-LTFhas a duration of 8 μsec and includes a 1.6 μsec cyclic prefix (CP)along with 2 copies of 3.2 μsec LTF sequences, the L-SIG has a durationof 4 μsec and includes information that is binary phase shift keying(BPSK) modulated using MCS0 terminated binary convolutional code (BCC)coding and includes 1 parity bit, and the Data fields are 4 μsec each.

The second packet format (e.g., HT) includes a legacy portion that alsoincludes L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG. The second packet format (e.g., HT)also includes another portion is based on another communicationstandard, communication protocol, and/or recommended standard. Forexample, this other portion includes two or more signal fields (SIGs)shown as SIG1 and SIG2. In some examples, note that the SIG1 and SIG2fields are implemented to have the same phase, rotation, etc. (e.g.,both 0 degrees or alternatively 90 BPSK modulation, such as quadratureBPSK, BPSK that has rotated by 90 degrees, etc.). In one example, theSIG1 and SIG2 are both 90 BPSK and modulated using MCS0. In someexamples of the second packet format (e.g., HT), the L-STF has aduration of 8 μsec and includes 10 copies of 0.8 μsec STF sequences, theL-LTF has a duration of 8 μsec and includes a 1.6 CP along with 2 copiesof 3.2 μsec LTF sequences, the L-SIG has a duration of 4 μsec andincludes information that is BPSK modulated using MCS0 terminated BCCcoding and includes 1 parity bit, SIG1 has a duration of 4 μsec and has90 BPSK using MCS0, and the SIG2 has a duration of 4 μsec and has 90BPSK using MCS0 terminated BCC coding with cyclic redundancy check(CRC).

The third packet format (e.g., VHT) includes a legacy portion that alsoincludes L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG. The third packet format (e.g., VHT)also includes another portion is based on another communicationstandard, communication protocol, and/or recommended standard. Forexample, this other portion includes two or more signal fields (SIGs)shown as SIGA1 and SIGA2. Note that SIG1 and SIG2 may be based on onestandard, communication protocol, and/or recommended standard, and SIGA1and SIGA2 may be based on another standard, communication protocol,and/or recommended standard. In some examples, note that the SIGA1 andSIGA2 fields are implemented to have the different phases, rotations,etc. (e.g., one being 0 degrees and the other being 90 degrees, onebeing 90 degrees and the other being 0 degrees, etc.). In one example,the SIGA1 is BPSK and modulated using MCS0 while SIGA2 is 90 BPSK andmodulated using MCS0. In some examples of the third packet format (e.g.,VHT), the L-STF has a duration of 8 μsec and includes 10 copies of 0.8μsec STF sequences, the L-LTF has a duration of 8 μsec and includes a1.6 CP along with 2 copies of 3.2 μsec LTF sequences, the L-SIG has aduration of 4 μsec and includes information that is BPSK modulated usingMCS0 terminated BCC coding and includes 1 parity bit, SIGA1 has aduration of 4 μsec and has BPSK using MCS0, and the SIGA2 has a durationof 4 μsec and has 90 BPSK using MCS0 terminated BCC coding with CRC.

FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating another example 701 of various OFDM/Apacket formats having different characteristics. In this diagram, aportion of a symbol, OFDM/A packet, etc. includes a first SIG (shown asa legacy SIG, L-SIG) that is adjacently followed by a second SIG that iscopy, repeat, duplicate, etc. of the first SIG (shown as RL-SIG). Notethat such a SIG (or L-SIG) that is adjacently followed by R-SIG (orRL-SIG) may be viewed as being one or more SPECIAL symbols. Such aSPECIAL symbol may be used to classify a first symbol, signal, packet,an OFDM packet, etc. based on a first format (e.g., a new format such asa newer or newest IEEE 802.11) vs. one or more previous formats (e.g., asecond communication protocol being any prior, legacy, etc. version ofIEEE 802.11 relative to the newer or newest IEEE 802.11).

Note also that the field content of the one or more SPECIAL symbols maybe used to classify, differentiate, etc. various symbols, OFDM/Apackets, etc. of one format from other packet formats. As an example, afirst packet format may include a SPECIAL symbol that includes SIG (orL-SIG) that is adjacently followed by R-SIG (or RL-SIG) is designed toinclude a first field content based on a first packet format and isdesigned to include a second field content based on a second packetformat. Generally, the content within the one or more SPECIAL symbolsmay be of one or more different characteristics, values, settings, etc.to allow for distinguishing, differentiation, and classification ofcommunications of one type from various communications of one or moreother types.

FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating another example 702 of various OFDM/Apacket formats having different characteristics. In this diagram, aportion of a symbol, OFDM/A packet, two different fields that haveeither the same or different phase, rotation, etc. with respect to eachother. Generally, such fields may be any type of fields (e.g., bothSTFs, both LTFs, both SIGs, etc. or of different types such that firstfield is STF and second field is LTF, or first field is LTF and secondfield is SIG, etc. or any desired combination thereof).

As an example, a first packet format may include two SIGs (e.g., SIG1and SIG2) such that the first field (e.g., SIG1) and the second field(e.g., SIG2) have the same phase, rotation, etc. (e.g., both 0 degreesor alternatively both 90 BPSK modulation, such as quadrature BPSK, BPSKthat has rotated by 90 degrees, etc.). A second packet format mayinclude two SIGs (e.g., SIG1 and SIG2) such that the first field (e.g.,SIG1) and the second field (e.g., SIG2) have different phases,rotations, etc. (e.g., one being 0 degrees and the other being 90degrees, one being 90 degrees and the other being 0 degrees, etc.).

FIG. 7C is a diagram illustrating another example 703 of various OFDM/Apacket formats having different characteristics. This diagram includes acombination of features, aspects, etc. of various other examplesdescribed herein. For example, first portions of the OFDM/A packets ofthis diagram include differentiation based on field content and secondportions include differentiation based on phase, rotation, etc.

A first packet format includes a legacy portion (e.g., based on a firstcommunication protocol, communication standard, and/or recommendedpractice) that also includes L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, and a copy, repeat,duplicate, etc. of that L-SIG (shown as RL-SIG). The L-SIG and theRL-SIG include first field content. The L-SIG and the RL-SIG may beviewed as one or more SPECIAL symbols having first field content toallow for distinguishing, differentiation, and classification ofcommunications of one type from various communications of one or moreother types. A second portion (e.g., based on a second communicationprotocol, communication standard, and/or recommended practice) includestwo signal fields (SIGs) shown as SIG1 and SIG2. In the first packetformat, the two SIGs (e.g., SIG1 and SIG2) are implemented such that thefirst field (e.g., SIG1) and the second field (e.g., SIG2) have the samephase, rotation, etc. (e.g., both 0 degrees or alternatively both 90BPSK modulation, such as quadrature BPSK, BPSK that has rotated by 90degrees, etc.).

A second packet format includes a legacy portion (e.g., based on a firstcommunication protocol, communication standard, and/or recommendedpractice) that also includes L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, and a copy, repeat,duplicate, etc. of that L-SIG (shown as RL-SIG). The L-SIG and theRL-SIG include second field content that is different than the firstfield content of the first packet format. Again, the L-SIG and theRL-SIG may be viewed as one or more SPECIAL symbols having second fieldcontent to allow for distinguishing, differentiation, and classificationof communications of one type from various communications of one or moreother types. The second field content is different than the first fieldcontent and assists in the distinguishing, differentiation, andclassification of the second packet format from the first packet format.A second portion (e.g., based on a second communication protocol,communication standard, and/or recommended practice) includes two signalfields (SIGs) shown as SIG1 and SIG2. In the second packet format, thetwo SIGs (e.g., SIG1 and SIG2) are implemented such that the first field(e.g., SIG1) and the second field (e.g., SIG2) have different phases,rotations, etc. (e.g., one being 0 degrees and the other being 90degrees, one being 90 degrees and the other being 0 degrees, etc.). Thedifferent phases, rotations, etc. of the two SIGs (e.g., SIG1 and SIG2)in the second packet format is different than the same phase, rotation,etc. of the two SIGs (e.g., SIG1 and SIG2) in the first packet formatand assists in the distinguishing, differentiation, and classificationof the second packet format from the first packet format. the samephase, rotation, etc. (e.g., both 0 degrees or alternatively both 90BPSK modulation, such as quadrature BPSK, BPSK that has rotated by 90degrees, etc.).

A third packet format includes a legacy portion (e.g., based on a firstcommunication protocol, communication standard, and/or recommendedpractice) that also includes L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, and a copy, repeat,duplicate, etc. of that L-SIG (shown as RL-SIG). The L-SIG and theRL-SIG include the second field content that is different than the firstfield content of the first packet format and same as the second fieldcontent of the second packet format. A second portion (e.g., based onthe second or a third communication protocol, communication standard,and/or recommended practice) includes two signal fields (SIGs) shown asSIG1 and SIG2. In the third packet format, the two SIGs (e.g., SIG1 andSIG2) are implemented such that the first field (e.g., SIG1) and thesecond field (e.g., SIG2) have the same phase, rotation, etc. (e.g.,both 0 degrees or alternatively both 90 BPSK modulation, such asquadrature BPSK, BPSK that has rotated by 90 degrees, etc.). The use orsame or different phases, rotations, etc. of the two SIGs (e.g., SIG1and SIG2) in combination with the use of different field content withinthe L-SIG and the RL-SIG assists in the distinguishing, differentiation,and classification of the second packet format from the first packetformat.

Note that any one or more other fields (e.g., STF(s), LTF(s), datafield(s), etc.) may follow the two SIGs (e.g., SIG1 and SIG2) based onthe first, second, and/or packet formats.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method 800 forexecution by one or more wireless communication devices. The method 800begins by identifying a selected OFDM/A packet format among a pluralityof OFDM/A packet formats (block 810). When a first OFDM/A packet formatis determined to be selected (decision block 820), the method 800continues by generating an OFDM/A using the first OFDM/A packet format(block 822). When a second OFDM/A packet format is determined to beselected (decision block 830), the method 800 continues by generating anOFDM/A using the second OFDM/A packet format (block 832). This processcontinues up until an (n-1)th OFDM/A packet format. When an (n−1)thOFDM/A packet format is determined to be selected (decision block 830),the method 800 continues by generating an OFDM/A using the an (n−1)thOFDM/A packet format (block 842).

Then, if it is determined that the selected OFDM/A packet format is noneof the first OFDM/A packet format, the second OFDM/A packet format, andso on up to the (n-1)th OFDM/A packet format, then the method 800continues by generating an OFDM/A packet using the an nth OFDM/A packetformat (block 850), which is the only possible remaining OFDM/A packetformat among the plurality of OFDM/A packet formats. Then, once theOFDM/A packet is generated using the selected OFDM/A packet format, themethod 800 continues by transmitting the OFDM/A packet to anotherwireless communication device (WDEV) (block 880).

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of a method 900 forexecution by one or more wireless communication devices. The method 900begins by receiving an OFDM/A packet and processing the OFDM/A packet toidentify one or more characteristics thereof (block 910). Examples ofsuch characteristics can include any one or more of field content, phaseshift/rotation, polarity change, etc. among various one or more fieldsof the OFDM/A packet.

When first one or more characteristics are determined to be part of theOFDM/A packet (decision block 920), the method 900 continues byclassifying the OFDM/A packet as having a first OFDM/A packet format(block 922). When second one or more characteristics are determined tobe part of the OFDM/A packet (decision block 930), the method 900continues by classifying the OFDM/A packet as having a second OFDM/Apacket format (block 932).

In some examples, the this process continues considering an (n−1)thcharacteristics corresponding to an (n−1)th OFDM/A packet format. Forexample, when (n−1)th one or more characteristics are determined to bepart of the OFDM/A packet (decision block 940), the method 900 continuesby classifying the OFDM/A packet as having an (n−1)th OFDM/A packetformat (block 942). When nth one or more characteristics are determinedto be part of the OFDM/A packet (decision block 950), the method 900continues by classifying the OFDM/A packet as having an nth OFDM/Apacket format (block 952).

When none of the various characteristics are determined to be part ofthe OFDM/A packet, the method 900 continues by determining a failure toclassify the OFDM/A as having any known OFDM/A packet format (block960). When the OFDM/A packet has been classified as having a knownOFDM/A packet format, the method 900 continues by processing the OFDM/Apacket based on the classified OFDM/A packet format (block 990).

It is noted that the various operations and functions described withinvarious methods herein may be performed within a wireless communicationdevice (e.g., such as by the processor 330, communication interface 320,and memory 340 or processor 330 a such as described with reference toFIG. 3A) and/or other components therein. Generally, a communicationinterface and processor in a wireless communication device can performsuch operations.

Examples of some components may include one of more baseband processingmodules, one or more media access control (MAC) layer components, one ormore physical layer (PHY) components, and/or other components, etc. Forexample, such a processor can perform baseband processing operations andcan operate in conjunction with a radio, analog front end (AFE), etc.The processor can generate such signals, packets, frames, and/orequivalents etc. as described herein as well as perform variousoperations described herein and/or their respective equivalents.

In some embodiments, such a baseband processing module and/or aprocessing module (which may be implemented in the same device orseparate devices) can perform such processing to generate signals fortransmission to another wireless communication device using any numberof radios and antennae. In some embodiments, such processing isperformed cooperatively by a processor in a first device and anotherprocessor within a second device. In other embodiments, such processingis performed wholly by a processor within one device.

As may be used herein, the terms “substantially” and “approximately”provides an industry-accepted tolerance for its corresponding termand/or relativity between items. Such an industry-accepted toleranceranges from less than one percent to fifty percent and corresponds to,but is not limited to, component values, integrated circuit processvariations, temperature variations, rise and fall times, and/or thermalnoise. Such relativity between items ranges from a difference of a fewpercent to magnitude differences. As may also be used herein, theterm(s) “configured to,” “operably coupled to,” “coupled to,” and/or“coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/or indirectcoupling between items via an intervening item (e.g., an item includes,but is not limited to, a component, an element, a circuit, and/or amodule) where, for an example of indirect coupling, the intervening itemdoes not modify the information of a signal but may adjust its currentlevel, voltage level, and/or power level. As may further be used herein,inferred coupling (i.e., where one element is coupled to another elementby inference) includes direct and indirect coupling between two items inthe same manner as “coupled to”. As may even further be used herein, theterm “configured to,” “operable to,” “coupled to,” or “operably coupledto” indicates that an item includes one or more of power connections,input(s), output(s), etc., to perform, when activated, one or more itscorresponding functions and may further include inferred coupling to oneor more other items. As may still further be used herein, the term“associated with,” includes direct and/or indirect coupling of separateitems and/or one item being embedded within another item.

As may be used herein, the term “compares favorably” or equivalent,indicates that a comparison between two or more items, signals, etc.,provides a desired relationship. For example, when the desiredrelationship is that signal 1 has a greater magnitude than signal 2, afavorable comparison may be achieved when the magnitude of signal 1 isgreater than that of signal 2 or when the magnitude of signal 2 is lessthan that of signal 1.

As may also be used herein, the terms “processing module,” “processingcircuit,” “processor,” and/or “processing unit” may be a singleprocessing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such aprocessing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller, digitalsignal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, fieldprogrammable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logiccircuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device thatmanipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of thecircuitry and/or operational instructions. The processing module,module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit may be, or furtherinclude, memory and/or an integrated memory element, which may be asingle memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and/or embeddedcircuitry of another processing module, module, processing circuit,and/or processing unit. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory,random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, staticmemory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any devicethat stores digital information. Note that if the processing module,module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit includes more thanone processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located(e.g., directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless busstructure) or may be distributedly located (e.g., cloud computing viaindirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network).Further note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit,and/or processing unit implements one or more of its functions via astate machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logiccircuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing the correspondingoperational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, thecircuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digitalcircuitry, and/or logic circuitry. Still further note that, the memoryelement may store, and the processing module, module, processingcircuit, and/or processing unit executes, hard coded and/or operationalinstructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and/orfunctions illustrated in one or more of the Figures. Such a memorydevice or memory element can be included in an article of manufacture.

One or more embodiments of an invention have been described above withthe aid of method steps illustrating the performance of specifiedfunctions and relationships thereof. The boundaries and sequence ofthese functional building blocks and method steps have been arbitrarilydefined herein for convenience of description. Alternate boundaries andsequences can be defined so long as the specified functions andrelationships are appropriately performed. Any such alternate boundariesor sequences are thus within the scope and spirit of the claims.Further, the boundaries of these functional building blocks have beenarbitrarily defined for convenience of description. Alternate boundariescould be defined as long as the certain significant functions areappropriately performed. Similarly, flow diagram blocks may also havebeen arbitrarily defined herein to illustrate certain significantfunctionality. To the extent used, the flow diagram block boundaries andsequence could have been defined otherwise and still perform the certainsignificant functionality. Such alternate definitions of both functionalbuilding blocks and flow diagram blocks and sequences are thus withinthe scope and spirit of the claimed invention. One of average skill inthe art will also recognize that the functional building blocks, andother illustrative blocks, modules and components herein, can beimplemented as illustrated or by discrete components, applicationspecific integrated circuits, processors executing appropriate softwareand the like or any combination thereof.

The one or more embodiments are used herein to illustrate one or moreaspects, one or more features, one or more concepts, and/or one or moreexamples of the invention. A physical embodiment of an apparatus, anarticle of manufacture, a machine, and/or of a process may include oneor more of the aspects, features, concepts, examples, etc. describedwith reference to one or more of the embodiments discussed herein.Further, from figure to figure, the embodiments may incorporate the sameor similarly named functions, steps, modules, etc. that may use the sameor different reference numbers and, as such, the functions, steps,modules, etc. may be the same or similar functions, steps, modules, etc.or different ones.

Unless specifically stated to the contra, signals to, from, and/orbetween elements in a figure of any of the figures presented herein maybe analog or digital, continuous time or discrete time, and single-endedor differential. For instance, if a signal path is shown as asingle-ended path, it also represents a differential signal path.Similarly, if a signal path is shown as a differential path, it alsorepresents a single-ended signal path. While one or more particulararchitectures are described herein, other architectures can likewise beimplemented that use one or more data buses not expressly shown, directconnectivity between elements, and/or indirect coupling between otherelements as recognized by one of average skill in the art.

The term “module” is used in the description of one or more of theembodiments. A module includes a processing module, a processor, afunctional block, hardware, and/or memory that stores operationalinstructions for performing one or more functions as may be describedherein. Note that, if the module is implemented via hardware, thehardware may operate independently and/or in conjunction with softwareand/or firmware. As also used herein, a module may contain one or moresub-modules, each of which may be one or more modules.

While particular combinations of various functions and features of theone or more embodiments have been expressly described herein, othercombinations of these features and functions are likewise possible. Thepresent disclosure of an invention is not limited by the particularexamples disclosed herein and expressly incorporates these othercombinations.

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless communication device comprising: aprocessor configured to: identify a selected orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) packet format from a first OFDM packetformat, a second OFDM packet format, and a third OFDM packet format;generate, based on the selected OFDM packet format, an OFDM packet thatincludes a preamble, wherein the preamble includes a first signal field(SIG) that is followed by a second SIG that is followed by a third SIG,wherein the first SIG is based on a first communication protocol, andthe second SIG and the third SIG are based on a second communicationprotocol; generate the preamble, when the selected OFDM packet format isthe first OFDM packet format, such that the first SIG includes firstcontent; generate the preamble, when the selected OFDM packet format isthe second OFDM packet format, such that the second SIG includes secondcontent, the second SIG has a first phase, and the third SIG has asecond phase that is 90 degrees phase shifted from the first phase;generate the preamble, when the selected OFDM packet format is the thirdOFDM packet format, such that the second SIG includes the secondcontent, and both the second SIG and the third SIG have the first phase;and transmit the OFDM packet to another wireless communication device.2. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein the processoris further configured to: generate, based on the selected OFDM packetformat, the OFDM packet, wherein the first SIG is adjacently preceded bya copy of the first SIG.
 3. The wireless communication device of claim2, wherein the processor is further configured to: generate the OFDMpacket to include a short training field (STF) that is adjacentlyfollowed by a long training field (LTF) that is adjacently followed bythe copy of the first SIG that is adjacently followed by the first SIGthat is adjacently followed by the second SIG that is adjacentlyfollowed by the third SIG, wherein the STF, the LTF, and the first SIGare based on the first communication protocol, wherein the second SIGand the third SIG are based on the second communication protocol that isdifferent than the first communication protocol.
 4. The wirelesscommunication device of claim 1, wherein the processor is furtherconfigured to: generate the OFDM packet to include the preamble followedby data, wherein a first portion of the preamble is based on the firstcommunication protocol and includes the first SIG that is adjacentlypreceded by a copy of the first SIG, wherein a second portion of thepreamble is based on the second communication protocol and includes thesecond SIG and the third SIG.
 5. The wireless communication device ofclaim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to: generate thepreamble such that the first SIG is followed by the second SIG isfollowed by the third SIG, wherein the first SIG includes informationthat specifies modulation coding set (MCS) of at least one of the secondSIG or the third SIG.
 6. The wireless communication device of claim 1further comprising: a communication interface, the processor and thecommunication interface configured to transmit the OFDM packet to theanother wireless communication device, wherein: the first communicationprotocol is a first IEEE 802.11 communication protocol; and the secondcommunication protocol is a second IEEE 802.11 communication protocolthat is a legacy IEEE 802.11 communication protocol version to the firstIEEE 802.11 communication protocol.
 7. The wireless communication deviceof claim 1 further comprising: an access point (AP), wherein the anotherwireless communication device is a wireless station (STA).
 8. Thewireless communication device of claim 1 further comprising: a wirelessstation (STA), wherein the another wireless communication device is anaccess point (AP).
 9. A wireless communication device comprising: aprocessor configured to: identify a selected orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) packet format from a first OFDM packetformat, a second OFDM packet format, and a third OFDM packet format;generate, based on the selected OFDM packet format, an OFDM packet thatincludes a preamble, wherein the preamble includes a short trainingfield (STF) that is adjacently followed by a long training field (LTF)that is adjacently followed a first signal field (SIG) that isadjacently followed by a copy of the first SIG that is adjacentlyfollowed a second SIG that is adjacently followed by a third SIG,wherein the STF, the LTF, and first SIG are based on a firstcommunication protocol, wherein the second SIG and the third SIG arebased on a second communication protocol, wherein the first SIG includesinformation that specifies modulation coding set (MCS) of at least oneof the second SIG or the third SIG; generate the preamble, when theselected OFDM packet format is the first OFDM packet format, such thatthe first SIG includes first content; generate the preamble, when theselected OFDM packet format is the second OFDM packet format, such thatthe second SIG includes second content, the second SIG has a firstphase, and the third SIG has a second phase that is 90 degrees phaseshifted from the first phase; generate the preamble, when the selectedOFDM packet format is the third OFDM packet format, such that the secondSIG includes the second content, and both the second SIG and the thirdSIG have the first phase; and transmit the OFDM packet to anotherwireless communication device.
 10. The wireless communication device ofclaim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to: generate theOFDM packet to include the preamble followed by data, wherein a firstportion of the preamble is based on the first communication protocol andincludes the STF that is adjacently followed by the LTF that isadjacently followed by the first SIG that is adjacently followed by thecopy of the first SIG, wherein a second portion of the preamble is basedon the second communication protocol and includes the second that isadjacently followed by the third SIG.
 11. The wireless communicationdevice of claim 9, wherein: the first communication protocol is a firstIEEE 802.11 communication protocol; and the second communicationprotocol is a second IEEE 802.11 communication protocol that is a legacyIEEE 802.11 communication protocol version to the first IEEE 802.11communication protocol.
 12. The wireless communication device of claim9, wherein the processor is further configured to: an access point (AP),wherein the another wireless communication device is a wireless station(STA).
 13. The wireless communication device of claim 9 furthercomprising: a wireless station (STA), wherein the another wirelesscommunication device is an access point (AP).
 14. A method for executionby a wireless communication device, the method comprising: identifying aselected orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) packet formatfrom a first OFDM packet format, a second OFDM packet format, and athird OFDM packet format; generating, based on the selected OFDM packetformat, an OFDM packet that includes a preamble, wherein the preambleincludes a first signal field (SIG) that is followed by a second SIGthat is followed by a third SIG, wherein the first SIG is based on afirst communication protocol, and the second SIG and the third SIG arebased on a second communication protocol; generating the preamble, whenthe selected OFDM packet format is the first OFDM packet format, suchthat the first SIG includes first content; generating the preamble, whenthe selected OFDM packet format is the second OFDM packet format, suchthat the second SIG includes second content, the second SIG has a firstphase, and the third SIG has a second phase that is 90 degrees phaseshifted from the first phase; generating the preamble, when the selectedOFDM packet format is the third OFDM packet format, such that the secondSIG includes the second content, and both the second SIG and the thirdSIG have the first phase; and transmitting, via a communicationinterface of the wireless communication device, the OFDM packet toanother wireless communication device.
 15. The method of claim 14further comprising: generating, based on the selected OFDM packetformat, the OFDM packet, wherein the first SIG is adjacently preceded bya copy of the first SIG.
 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:generating the OFDM packet to include a short training field (STF) thatis adjacently followed by a long training field (LTF) that is adjacentlyfollowed by the copy of the first SIG that is adjacently followed by thefirst SIG that is adjacently followed by the second SIG that isadjacently followed by the third SIG, wherein the STF, the LTF, and thefirst SIG are based on the first communication protocol, wherein thesecond SIG and the third SIG are based on the second communicationprotocol that is different than the first communication protocol. 17.The method of claim 14 further comprising: generating the OFDM packet toinclude the preamble followed by data, wherein a first portion of thepreamble is based on the first communication protocol and includes thefirst SIG that is adjacently preceded by a copy of the first SIG,wherein a second portion of the preamble is based on the secondcommunication protocol and includes the second SIG and the third SIG.18. The method of claim 14 further comprising: generating the preamblesuch that the first SIG is followed by the second SIG is followed by thethird SIG, wherein the first SIG includes information that specifiesmodulation coding set (MCS) of at least one of the second SIG or thethird SIG.
 19. The method of claim 14, wherein: the first communicationprotocol is a first IEEE 802.11 communication protocol; and the secondcommunication protocol is a second IEEE 802.11 communication protocolthat is a legacy IEEE 802.11 communication protocol version to the firstIEEE 802.11 communication protocol.
 20. The method of claim 14, whereinthe wireless communication device is a wireless station (STA), and theanother wireless communication device is an access point (AP).